SQL-Server Interview Questions

1. What is RDBMS?
2. What is normalization?
3. What is Stored Procedure?
4. What is Trigger?
5. What is View?
6. What is Index?
7. What is the difference between clustered and a non-clustered index?
8. What are the different index configurations a table can have?
9. What is cursors?
10. What is the use of DBCC commands?
11. What is a Linked Server?
12. What is Collation?
13. What are different type of Collation Sensitivity?
14. What’s the difference between a primary key and a unique key?
15. How to implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?
16. What is a NOLOCK?
17. What is difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands?
18. When is the use of UPDATE_STATISTICS command?
19. What types of Joins are possible with Sql Server?
20. What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
21. What is sub-query? Explain properties of sub-query.
22. What are types of sub-queries?
23. What is SQL Profiler?
24. What is User Defined Functions?
25. What kind of User-Defined Functions can be created?
26. What are the authentication modes in SQL Server? How can it be changed?
27. Where are SQL server users names and passwords are stored in sql server?
28. Which command using Query Analyzer will give you the version of SQL server and operating system?
29. Can a stored procedure call itself or recursive stored procedure? How many level SP nesting possible?
What is @@ERROR?
What is Raiseerror?
What is log shipping?
What is the difference between a local and a global variable?
What command do we use to rename a db?
What is sp_configure commands and set commands?
What are the different types of replication? Explain.
What are the OS services that the SQL Server installation adds?
What are three SQL keywords used to change or set someone’s permissions?
What does it mean to have quoted_identifier on? What are the implications of having it off?
What is the STUFF function and how does it differ from the REPLACE function?
Using query analyzer, name 3 ways to get an accurate count of the number of records in a table?
How to rebuild Master Database?
What is the basic functions for master, msdb, model, tempdb databases?
What are primary keys and foreign keys?
What is data integrity? Explain constraints?
What are the properties of the Relational tables?
What is De-normalization?
How to get @@error and @@rowcount at the same time?
What is Identity?
What is a Scheduled Jobs or What is a Scheduled Tasks?
What is a table called, if it does not have neither Cluster nor Non-cluster Index?
What is it used for?
What is BCP? When does it used?
Can we rewrite subqueries into simple select statements or with joins?
Can SQL Servers linked to other servers like Oracle?
How to know which index a table is using?
How to copy the tables, schema and views from one SQL server to another?
What is Self Join?
What is Cross Join?
Which virtual table does a trigger use?
List few advantages of Stored Procedure.
What is DataWarehousing?
What is OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)?
How do SQL server 2000 and XML linked? Can XML be used to access data?FOR XML (ROW, AUTO, EXPLICIT)
What is an execution plan? When would you use it? How would you view the execution plan?
How do you implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?
What’s the difference between a primary key and a unique key?
What is user defined data types and when you should go for them?
What is bit data type and what’s the information that can be stored inside a bit column?
Define candidate key, alternate key, and composite key.
What are defaults? Is there a column to which a default can’t be bound?
What is a transaction and what are ACID properties?
CREATE INDEX myIndex ON myTable(myColumn)What type of Index will get created after executing the above statement?
What’s the maximum size of a row?
What is lock escalation?
What’s the difference between DELETE TABLE and TRUNCATE TABLE commands?
Explain the storage models of OLAP
What are the new features introduced in SQL Server 2000 (or the latest release of SQL Server at the time of your interview)? What changed between the previous version of SQL Server and the current version?
What are constraints? Explain different types of constraints.
What is an index? What are the types of indexes? How many clustered indexes can be created on a table? I create a separate index on each column of a table. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach?
What is RAID and what are different types of RAID configurations?
What are the steps you will take to improve performance of a poor performing query?
What are the steps you will take, if you are tasked with securing an SQL Server?
What is a deadlock and what is a live lock? How will you go about resolving deadlocks?
What is blocking and how would you troubleshoot it?
How to restart SQL Server in single user mode? How to start SQL Server in minimal configuration mode?
As a part of your job, what are the DBCC commands that you commonly use for database maintenance?
What are statistics, under what circumstances they go out of date, how do you update them?
What are the different ways of moving data/databases between servers and databases in SQL Server?
Explain different types of BACKUPs available in SQL Server? Given a particular scenario, how would you go about choosing a backup plan?
What is database replication? What are the different types of replication you can set up in SQL Server?
How to determine the service pack currently installed on SQL Server?
What are cursors? Explain different types of cursors. What are the disadvantages of cursors? How can you avoid cursors?
What is a join and explain different types of joins.
What is an extended stored procedure? Can you instantiate a COM object by using T-SQL?
What is the system function to get the current user’s user id?
What are triggers? How many triggers you can have on a table? How to invoke a trigger on demand?
There is a trigger defined for INSERT operations on a table, in an OLTP system. The trigger is written to instantiate a COM object and pass the newly inserted rows to it for some custom processing. What do you think of this implementation? Can this be implemented better?
What is a self-join? Explain it with an example.

Recently asked C++ interview questions

1. Why do we need to write Copy constructor when compiler provides a default Copy constructor?
2. What is conversion constructor?
3. What is difference between structure and class ?
4. Difference between stack and heap in terms of declared variables?
5. What are the advantages of new and delete over malloc and free?
6. What are differnt casting availble in C++ ?
7. What is upcasting and why upcasting is implicit in C++?
8. what happens to the memory alloted after the exception is raised???
9. How to declare a constant pointer and a pointer to constant variable
10. Describe how runtime polymorphism is achieved by the compliler?
11. explain the syntax (int* &i).
12. if we declare a class without any member variable and with out any function then what could be the size of such class ? Now if we declare only virtual function then what would be the size?
13. what is a register?
14. What is mutable data?
15. We have integer array which is having repeated entries i.e. arr[] = {1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,4,1} Write an optimum code to get the unique value?
16. Write the code to insert a node in sorted doubly linked list
17. Write your own printf() function?
18. What is a conversion operator?
19. Take the example of traffic and explain polymorphism ( not in C++ terminology)

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"Quality Centre" Interview Questions

What are the characteristics of a test requirement?
To create a child requirement of type folder, the parent may be either a folder or a requirement? True/False
What is a test set Tree?
When you run a test on a remote host group, the test will run on all the hosts available in the group? True/False
What is a template test?
How to add the defect in quality centre?
The types of tabs in quality centre are….
What is the main purpose of storing requirements in quality centre?
What are advantages of Quality center 9.0 over 8.2?
What are tabs in Quality centre?
A test that contains reusable steps and parameters is called……
What are the characteristics of test requirements?
Can we move all files TD to Quality center?
How do connect Quality center in QTP?
What are the Tabs available in Coverage View requirements?
In which section requirements will be stored?
What is the option to switch between the two projects?
How many tabs are associated with the Test Plan section?
What is the purpose of ‘Launch Report’?
Test sets to determine whether the application is connecting to a database properly or not?
What is the purpose of Requirements - Summary graph?
Which property is related to Test set properties tab?

WinRunner and General interview questions

1. Describe the process of planning a test in WinRunner?
2. How do you record a new script? Can you e-mail a WinRunner script? How can a person run a previously saved WinRunner script?
3. How can you synchronize WinRunner scripts?
4. What is a GUI map? How does it work?
5. How can you verify application behavior?
6. How do you train another QA engineer?
7. What bug tracking tools you have used? Have you used any free tools?
8. How do you start your QA if there are no system requirements?
9. Have you used MSVC? What do you think of it?
10. There are 3 lights (in one room) and 3 switches (in another room), one for each, if you only enter into the light room once. How can you find out which switch corresponds to which light?
11. What is your weakness?
12. Why do you think you are suited for this job?
13. If there is a day, when you find yourself not fitting in our team, what will you do?
14. What makes you think you are qualified for this job?
15. Do you like music? Which composers are your favourite?
16. What kind of PC games you like most? Why?
17. Are you familiar with collboration tools? Which communication method do you prefer for talk, email andchat?
18. When will you be available to start work?
19. What security tools have you used?
20. Tell me about yourself.
21. Tell me about your experience with this type of work
22. What do you like and dislike about our company?
23. Why do you want to work for us?
24. Why should we hire you? What can you do for us? What can you do that others can not?
25. What is the job’s most attractive and least attractive factor?
26. What do you look for in a job?
27. Please give me your definition of software test engineer.
28. How long would it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our firm?
29. How long would you stay with us?
30. Are you thinking of going back to school or college?
31. What kind of programs/machines or equipment have you worked with?
32. You may be overqualified for this position we have to offer.
33. Give me an example of a project you handled from start to finish.
34. What was your last employer’s opinion of you?
35. Can you work under pressure, deadline etc?
36. Do you have any questions?
37. What is it you liked and disliked about your last job?

Database Testing Interview Questions(29)

Database testing Multi Choice Questions with answers:

1. Data base testing basically includes the following. (c)
1) Data validity testing.
2) Data Integrity testing
3) Performance related to data base.
4) Testing of Procedure, triggers and functions.


A) 1, 2 and 3
B) 2, 3 and 4
c) All of above
D) 1, 3 and 4

2. Steps in Database Testing?(A)
1. Verify whether the front end values are correctly storing in the back end database by writing the sql queries.
2. Verify the Constraints (Primary key, foreign key, and Composite key)

3. Check the performance of the Stored Procedures

4. Check for the execution of the Triggers

A. 1, 2, 3 and 4

B. 3, 1, 2, and 4

C. 4, 3, 2, and 1

D…2, 4,3 and 1

3. What is Data migration?

A .Translation of data from one format to another format

B. Translation of data from one storage device to another storage device

C.Both A & B

D. None of the above

4. What is Cross join (A)

A. A join without any condition, every row in first table joined with every row in 2nd table.

B. Result set contains all rows from the right table and matched rows from the left table

C. Result set contains only matched rows.

D.None


5. What we normally check for in the Database Testing?(4)

1) Data Integrity
2) Data validity
3) Data manipulation and updates.
4).All of the above

6. What SQL statements have you used in Database Testing? (c)

A).DDL for creating tables in database

B).DML for the manipulations like insert alters and deletes operations.

C). Both A & B

D). None

7. ADO's(ActiveX Data Objects) is used to (A)

A. connect to the database from application

B. for creating tables in database

c. To l insert alters and delete operations

D. None


8. What is the difference between functions & procedures? (B)


A. procedures returns value whereas functions doesn't

B. functions returns value whereas procedures doesn't

c. Both Functions and procedures returns value

D.All of the above

9. Blind SQL injection or LDAP injections are used to (B)
A. Positive testing in for database
B.Negative testing for database
C.Both positive and Negative testing for database
D. All types of Testing for database.

10. We can normally check for in the DB testing (d)
a) The field size validation, Check constraints, Indexes are done or not (for performance related issues
b) stored procedures
c) The field size defined in the application is matching with that in the db
d) All of the above

11.Database testing is… (d)
Checking the integrity of UI data with Database Data
Checking whether any junk data is not displaying in UI other than that stored
Checking the Data Migration
Both (a) and (c)
Both (a) and (b)


12. What sql statements can use in DB testing… (b)
DUL (Data Useful Language) and DML (Data Manipulation Language) .DDL for creating tables and database
DML for the manipulations like insert, alter, and delete operations, DDL (Data Definition Language), DCL, DTL…….
Both (a) and (b) are correct
None of these

13. The stages are in DB testing….. (d)
verify the data in the database w.r.t back end transactions, verify the performance of the commands
Verify the properties
verify the performance of the procedures
verify the triggers (execution of triggers), verify the data in the database w.r.t front end transactions, verify the performance of the procedures, verify the transactions (begin,commit,rollback)

14. In DB testing using the tools for Load testing….. (d)
Web performance, Radview
Rational suit test studio
Empirix, Mercury Interactive
All of the above

15. How to database testing manually? (b)
a) While adding a record through front-end and no need to check back-end
b) While adding a record through front-end check back-end that addition of record is effected or not.
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

16. How can use sql queries QTP..? (a)
a) Using database checkpoint then we have to write the sql statement
b) Fetch the values from the XML checkpoint then also we can have to write the sql statement
c) NO values from the database then also we can have to write the sql queries
d) None of these

17. How a trigger can help in improving performance (c)
a) Cannot be executed before and after the dml commands Statement level: it is executed even though no row is changed from the table
b) Cannot be executed before and after the dml commands Row level: if we want to change any row then row level triggers are not fired, Basic level: it is executed even though no row is changed from the table
C) Can be executed before and after the dml commands Row level: if we want to change any row then row level triggers are fired Statement level: it is executed even though no row is changed from the table
d) None of these

18. Data quality is nothing but….(b)
a) Accuracy of content, Reports
b) Completeness, timelines, structure, Accuracy of content
c) Presentation, Reports
d) None of these

19. Data quality issues are… (d)
a) Invalid values, invalid keys, missing values, orphans
b) Inconsistent null rules, inconsistent data types, inconsistent cases
c) Out of range, potential constants, potential defaults
d) All of the above

20. What do we test in database testing? (d)
Data validity & Data Integrity
Performance related to data base.
Testing of Procedure triggers and functions
All the Above.

21. What are the SQL statements used in Database Testing? (c)
DDL, DML, DCL.
Stored procedures and Triggers.
Both (a) & (b).
None of the Above.

22. What we normally check for in the Database Testing? (d)
The field size validation
Check constraints.
Indexes & Stored procedures
All the above

23. Write a query to find the second largest value in a given column of a table (a)
select max(sal) from emp_table where sal < (select max(sal) from emp_table)
select * from emp where score=(select max(score) from emp where score<(select max(score)from emp));
All the above

24. What are the different stages involved in Database Testing (a)
a) Verify the data in the database w.r.t front end transactions
Verify the constraint (primary key, foreign key ....)
Verify the performance of the procedures
Verify the triggers (execution of triggers)
Verify the transactions (begin, commit, rollback)

b) The field size validation
Check constraints.
Indexes are done or not.
Stored Procedures.
The field size defined in the application is matching with that in the db.
c) All the above.
d) None of the Above.

25. What is data driven test? (a)
a) Data driven test is used to test the multi numbers of data in a data-table, using this we can easy to replace the parameters in the same time from different locations.
b) Re-testing is also called Data Driven Test.
c) It is process of changing inputs and expected values.
d) None of the Above.

26. What is Data Migration? (c)
a) Data migration is actually the translation of data from one format to another format.
b) Data migration is actually the translation of data from one storage device to another
Storage device
c) Both (a) and (b).
d) None of the above.

27. What is Quality Auditing? (d)
Quality audit is normally conducted by QA people to find out the level to which the standards have been attained
Quality audit is normally conducted by QA people to check the quality of the Test Data Present in the Database.
This audits will help you in finding the loop holes and gaps following in the current process and helps them to refine them accordingly
Both (a) and (c).

28. How to connect to the database from application? (a)
ADO (ActiveX Data Objects).
OLDE
ODBC
All the above

29. What are the steps that must be included in testing guideline document for database testing? (d)
The tester should know which tables to look at.
The tester should know how to log on to the database (The Credentials)
Specify the conditions of pass/fail for the data in the column
All the above.

Performance Testing (10)

Performance Testing Multi Choice Questions:

1. What are the protocols did you use while performing load testing on a web application?
FTP
TCP/IP
HTML
HTTP
UDP
Answer: - HTTP


2. What is PMB?
Performance base
Performance Measurement Baseline
Performance Metric Base line
Both B and c
Answer: - d http://e-articles.info/e/a/title/Performance-Baseline/


3. Identify which is not the Approach of load testing.
Identify key scenarios.
Identify workload.
Identify metrics. .
Simulate load.
Performance tuning
Analyze the results.
Answer: - Performance tuning

4. Which of the following statements is not true:
Performance testing can be done during unit testing as well as during the testing of the whole system.
The acceptance test does not necessarily include a regression test.
Verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, Inspection, etc).
Test environments should be as similar to production environments as possible
Answer: - A

5. Which programming language is used for VuGen scripts?
JAVA
HTML
ANSI-C
VB Scripting
Visual Basic
Answer: - C

6. What is the Standard minimum length of a Timeslot for running a load test?
One hour
30 minutes
45 minutes
15 minutes
Answer: - 30 min

7. Which is a purpose of good Performance monitoring profiles?
To specify monitoring goals
To specify reporting options
To set acceptable transaction levels
To monitor only the application servers
Answer: - A

8. MTBF stands for
Mean throughput base failure
Mean Time benchmark failure
Mean Time before failure
Metric Time before failure
Answer: - C

9. What provides you with the level of activity associated with each business process during each hour of a typical work day?
Conceptual goals list
Business process profile
Task distribution diagram
System configuration diagram
Answer: - C

10. Client/server architectures cannot be properly tested because network load is highly variable.
True
False
Answer: - B

QTP Interview Questions (70)

**QTP**
1. What is the frame work of QTP?
2. What is repository parameters in QTP? How will we define that, what is unmapped & mapped repository parameters?
3. How to add object to object repository in qtp9.0. Suppose for brower yahoo home page.
4. .What is the use of data table in QTP
5. What is the Difference between Environment variable and Globle variable
6. Does QTP recognize two diff browser's at a time? If possible how? Is it possible run scripts on Mozilla which are recorded on IE?
7. What is the use of working with actions?
8. What is the file extension of the code file and object repository file in QTP?
9. In how many ways we can add check points to an application using QTP.
10. Explain different recording modes ?
11. What are the key elements of a QTP window?
12. What are the views available in QTP?
13. How many Add-ins comes by default with QTP?
14. What are the different scripting languages you could use when working with QTP?
15. What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when using descriptive programming?
16. Where can you find the result of an output parameter?
17. How can you make a Checkpoint flexible?
18. You must be in Record mode to insert an output parameter? T/F
19. Retrieving the ------------ values of an object helps in debugging, test result reporting, and using custom checkpoint.
20. Which object is used in sending information to the test results?
21. What is the purpose of loading add-in?
22. What are permissions do the test and testers need to have?
23. When u do not select any add-in manager, which "out of the box" application environment is supported by QTP?
24. You select ALLOW OTHER MERCURY PRODUCTS TO RUN TESTS AND COMPONENTS in order to enable which HP application to invoke QTP and run test unattended?
25. HOW can u ensure that the test can be reiterated?
26. Which ZIP feature compresses the test directory to conserve space and allow for easy file transfer?
27. The _________ window helps u determine whether a test failed or passes?
28. What is the function of a synchronization point?
29. Consider a scenario where the synchronization timeout to 10 sec and the global timeout is set to 10 sec. The actual time taken for the visible is 25 sec. How long will quick test wait for the synchronization to take place?
30. What is standard check point in QTP?
31. Exportsheet is used for?
32. Why do you use regular expressions is your tests?
33. What is the purpose of i/p parameter?
34. Where can u find the result of an o/p parameter?
35. U must be in record mode to insert an o/p parameter. True/False.
36. Quick test verifies only the visible properties of the application? True/False.
37. Which action can you use only within the test in which it was created?
38. Where do you set action iteration for a specified action.
39. The _______ feature is used to add steps to test by specifying the type of object or function and operation that the step performs.
40. Which field in the step Generator dialog box is optional, depending on the object and operation chosen?
41. Which QTP feature must be used to allow u to test a web application by recognizing web objects?
42. The Record and run test on any open browser option enables quick test to record on the________
43. You would use a _________ on a web application page to check if a test string appears at the appropriate position?
44. A ______________ is used to capture and verify dynamic values by using o/p parameters.
45. A ______________ is used to suspend a run session.
46. A ______________ ensures that the application successfully retrieves data from or inserts data into a database.
47. Which query tool is used to create a query in database query wizard?
48. The __________ property specifies the SQL query used to retrieve data from the database.
49. While recording a test where dose QTP store object information?
50. Which object repository type can you create using the object repository Manager?
51. When you required a type, click or drag operation on an exact set of co-ordinates in a test, which record mode would you use?
52. When you want to record the exact mouse and keyboard for relative X-Y co-ordinates location on the desktop or application window, which record mode would you use?
53. A bit map checkpoint compares the __________ with the actual image at run time pixel by pixel.
54. Object that behave like standard object but are not recognized by quick test are called ___________.
55. If the object or screen is part of the optional step, the optional step gets executed during the ____________ of a test.
56. What is the first step in editing an object in the object repository?
57. How do you define a constant variable?
58. How did you find whether you used smart Identification or not?:
59. What will return for ChildObjects method?
60. Where can u set the smart identification "ON": object identification
61. How can we release the database after its use: close the connection and recordset objects
62 How can u link individual actions to shared repository :resources>associate repositories
63 which object properties are shown in object identification box: Mandatory and assistive
64 where can we disable the virtual object recognition: general options
65 how to associate a procedure to a test object class: register user func
66 which object is used in sending information to the test results.: Reporter
67 what is default identifier type for web objects: index
68 test object properties are: those mentioned in object identification box and in object repository
69 which object is used to read from text file?
70. A dot followed by object in expert view displays: child objects and methods


Soon We will add questions on other testing tools....

Latest Manual Testing Interview Questions

** -> Very Offently asked questions in various interviews.

Feel free to leave your comment for the answer of any question.

Source of these questions are many of my friends who recently gone through interviews and many interview questions sites. I have consolidated important questions. So no need to go here and there.

1. **Difference between client server testing and web server testing.**
2. What are the different types of testing followed.
3. What are the different levels of testing used during testing the application?
4. What type of testing will be done in Installation testing or system testing?
5. **What is meant by CMMI …what are different types of CMM
6. Explain about the components involved in CMM-4 level
7. **Explain about Performance testing ?**
8. **What is Traceability matrix and how it is done ?**
9. **How can you differentiate Severity and Priority based on technical and business point of view.**
10. What is the difference between Test life cycle and defect life cycle ?
11. How will u ensure that you have covered all the functionality while writing test cases if there is no functional spec and there is no KT about the application?
12. What is Impact analysis? How to do impact analysis in yr project?
13. Which comes first test strategy or test plan?
15. **What is difference between stress and load testing?**
16. If project wants to release in 3 months what type of Risk analysis u do in Test plan?
17. Where you involve in testing life cycle ,what type of test you perform ?
18. Boundary value analysis?
19. Is automated testing better than manual testing. If so, why?
20. What do you do if the bug that you found is not accepted by the developer and he is saying its not reproducible. Note:The developer is in the on site location.
21. What is the difference between three tier and two tier application?
22. What is walk through and inspection?
23. What is the job of Quality assurance engineer? Difference between the testing & Quality Assurance job.
24. How do you decide when you have tested enough?
25. What is risk analysis, what type of risk analysis you did in your project?
26. What is change request, how you use it?
27. What is the main use of preparing Traceability matrix and explain the real time usage?
28. How can u do the following 1) Usability testing 2) scalability Testing
29. What does you mean by Positive and Negative testing & what is the diff’s between them. Can anyone explain with an example?
30. What is the diff b/w functional testing and integration testing?
31. **What is bug, defect, issue, error?
32. **What is smoke testing and user interface testing ?**
33. **Difference between smoke and sanity testing?**
34. **What is bug life cycle?**
35. **What is Verification and validation?**
36. What is ADhoc testing?
37. What is hot fix?
38. What is CVS and why it is used?
39. What is UAT Testing?
40. What is the Difference between Project and Product testing? What difference you have observed while testing the Clint/Server application and web server application
41. What are the differences between interface and integration testing? Are system specification and functional specification the same? What are the differences between system and functional testing?
42. What is Multi Unit testing?
43. What are the different types, methodologies, approaches, methods in software testing
44. What is the difference between test techniques and test methodology?
45. What is meant by test environment,… what is meant by DB installing and configuring and deploying skills?
46. What is logsheet? And what are the components in it?
47. What is Red Box testing? What is Yellow Box testing? What is Grey Box testing?
48. What is business process in software testing?
49. What is the difference between Desktop application testing and Web testing?
50. What is meant by bucket testing